GRE閱讀范文之揭秘奔跑鍛煉上癮的秘密
來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
小編：天空 1184Running speeds were thus set at 2.5 metres a second for people, 1.83 for dogs and 0.84 for ferrets.
這樣設(shè)置的結(jié)果便為：奔跑速度為人類2.5米/秒，狗1.83米/秒，雪貂0.84米/秒;
Walking speeds were set at 1.25 metres a second for people and 1.1 for dogs.
行走速度為人類1.25米/秒，狗1.1米/秒。
The ferrets proved too easily distracted to walk consistently on the treadmills and were thus left to sit quietly in their cages for this part of the study.
雪貂由于太易分心，沒(méi)辦法讓它持續(xù)在跑步機(jī)上行走，所以在進(jìn)行該部分實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)它們被留在了籠中靜靜地坐著。
Each participating animal ran for one session and walked for one other, and did so on separate days, to avoid exhaustion.
每只動(dòng)物會(huì)跑一段走一段，為了避免動(dòng)物們出現(xiàn)筋疲力盡的情況，實(shí)驗(yàn)是分成幾天進(jìn)行的。
Before and after each session, blood was drawn from each and the endocannabinoid levels in it were measured.
在實(shí)驗(yàn)前和試驗(yàn)后，動(dòng)物們都會(huì)被抽血以檢驗(yàn)其中的endocannabinoid水平。
The researchers report in the Journal of Experimental Biology that, after 30 minutes of walking, participants' endocannabinoid levels did not rise.
研究人員在《生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)》雜志中提到，在經(jīng)過(guò)30分鐘的行走之后，參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的動(dòng)物的endocannabinoid水平并沒(méi)上升。
After running, however, the average human's endocannabinoid levels rose from 2.4 picomoles per millilitre to 6.1.
然而在奔跑過(guò)后情況則有所不同：那10個(gè)人的平均endocannabinoid水平從2.4 pmol/ml上升到了6.1 pmol/ml。
Dogs showed a similar trend, with levels rising from 2.4 pmol/ml to 8.0.
狗的變化趨勢(shì)與人類似---由2.4 pmol/ml升至8.0 pmol/ml。
Ferrets were different. Although they did show an increase, from 3.0 to 3.9 pmol/ml, this was not a statistically significant rise.
唯獨(dú)雪貂例外。他們的endocannabinoid水平雖亦有所上升-3.0 至 3.9 pmol/ml，但仍處于統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上可不被納入考慮的范圍內(nèi)。
These findings suggest that dogs experience a runner's high but ferrets do not.
這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明狗中同樣存在著賽跑者的亢奮現(xiàn)象，而雪貂則沒(méi)有。
Dr Raichlen argues that it makes sense for ferrets not to have systems that reward cardiovascular activity, since such exercise consumes a lot of energy, may cause injury, and is not crucial to the stealthy hunting technique of sneaking down burrows and killing rabbits in their sleep.
看來(lái)雪貂體內(nèi)并不存在對(duì)心血管活動(dòng)進(jìn)行陽(yáng)性強(qiáng)化刺激的系統(tǒng)，Raichlen博士認(rèn)為這對(duì)雪貂的發(fā)展同樣是有意義的，要知道太劇烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)消耗掉過(guò)多的能量， 甚至引發(fā)受傷，且這并非是雪貂捕獵技術(shù)中的關(guān)鍵-它們一般只需偷偷溜進(jìn)兔子窩并在兔子們熟睡時(shí)將其殺死即可。
What is not clear is whether the endocannabinoid reward is an ancient mechanism that has been lost on branches of the mammalian tree that do not need it, or is something that evolves quickly in species which become active.
仍有待考證的是，究竟這種endocannabinoid刺激機(jī)制是從遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代起即為哺乳類動(dòng)物所擁有，還是從某些活躍的個(gè)別物種中進(jìn)化出來(lái)的?
Given that humanity's arboreal simian ancestors would presumably have had little need to run, it is probably the latter.
鑒于人類的祖先—類人猿是樹(shù)棲動(dòng)物，據(jù)推測(cè)它們很少有奔跑的需要，因此正確結(jié)論很可能是后者。
But to be sure Dr Raichlen will need to put animals far less co-operative than ferrets on the treadmill.
但若要確認(rèn)此假設(shè)，Raichlen博士需將更多如雪貂般不太合作的動(dòng)物哄上跑步機(jī)。
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