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SAT考試遇到長句難句怎么辦？環(huán)球教育老師來幫您解答。

The thing itself----the work of copying and translating business-letters---was a dry and tedious task enough, but had that been all, I should long have borne with the nuisance; I am not of an impatient nature, and influenced by the double desire of getting my living and justifying to myself and others the resolution I had taken to become a tradesman, I should have endured in silence the rust and cramp of my best faculties; I should not have whispered, even inwardly, that I longed for liberty; I should have pent in every sigh by which my heart might have ventured to intimate its distress under the closeness, smoke, monotony, and joyless tumult of Bigben Close , and its panting desire for freer and fresher scenes; I should have set up the image of Duty, the fetish of Perseverance, in my small bedroom at Mrs.King’s lodgings, and they two should have been my household gods, from which my darling, my cherished-in-secret, Imagination , the tender and the mighty, should never, either by softness or strength, have severed me.

以上是新SAT OG（官方指南）第二套題第一篇文章里的句子，幾乎可以說是整本OG里最長的句子。很多同學(xué)在讀到這個句子的時候，覺得句子太難讀不懂，現(xiàn)在就為同學(xué)們分析下這個句子。

首先我們把這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)簡化一下，使同學(xué)們看的更清楚一點。
The thing itself----the work of copying and translating business-letters---was a dry and tedious task enough, but had that been all, I should 1; ... I should 2; I should 3; I should 4; I should 5.

這個主干的前半句很好理解：抄寫和翻譯商務(wù)信件這件事本身就夠枯燥乏味的了。
后半句是一個虛擬語氣，而且是虛擬語氣的一個倒裝。（如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were,had,could,should,有時可將if省去,而將條件從句的主語置于were,had,should,could 之后）。
倒裝之前的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是 If that had been all, I should 1; ... I should 2; I should 3; I should 4; I should 5. 這是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，意思是，但是假如那就是全部的話，我應(yīng)該會1；...我應(yīng)該會2；我應(yīng)該會3；我應(yīng)該會4；我應(yīng)該會5.

接下來我們來分析一下這幾個應(yīng)該：這幾個應(yīng)該都是前面那個虛擬語氣條件從句的結(jié)果主句，結(jié)構(gòu)都是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句的結(jié)構(gòu)I should have +過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。

1.I should long have borne with the nuisance.

Borne：bear 的過去分詞

Nuisance ：討厭的東西（人，行為）

翻譯：我就會長久的忍受這些令人生厭的人和事。

2.I am not of an impatient nature, and influenced by the double desire of getting my living and justifying to myself and others the resolution I had taken to become a tradesman, I should have endured in silence the rust and cramp of my best faculties.

這句里面有一處省略，可能會造成理解的障礙，and 前后的并列結(jié)構(gòu)是of an impatient nature, influenced by the double desire。 因為這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)前面的成分是一樣的（I am not），所以省略了。

翻譯：我并不是一個沒有耐心的人，也沒有受到既要過自己的（喜歡）的生活，又要向自己和他人證明自己要成為一個商人的決心這樣的雙重欲望的影響，我應(yīng)該會默默地忍受自己最好的能力被荒廢與束縛。

3.I should not have whispered, even inwardly, that I longed for liberty

翻譯：我應(yīng)該不會低聲說我渴望自由，哪怕是在心里說。

4.I should have pent in every sigh by which my heart might have ventured to intimate its distress under the closeness, smoke, monotony, and joyless tumult of Bigben Close , and its panting desire for freer and fresher scenes.

Bigben Close：英國的一種路，車輛只能從一端進(jìn)入，通往私人住所

Pent: pen的過去分詞

在這句當(dāng)中，its distress和its panting 是并列關(guān)系，兩者既是pent的賓語，也是intimate的賓語。

翻譯：我應(yīng)該會把我的心對于在密閉，多煙，單調(diào)，和毫無樂趣的死胡同里的喧囂之下的痛苦以及它對于更自由更清新的環(huán)境的渴望禁錮在每一次嘆息當(dāng)中，通過這些嘆息我的心大著膽子去暗示它的痛苦和渴望。

5.I should have set up the image of Duty, the fetish of Perseverance, in my small bedroom at Mrs.King’s lodgings, and they two should have been my household gods, from which my darling, my cherished-in-secret, Imagination , the tender and the mighty, should never, either by softness or strength, have severed me.

From which 這里開始有點繞，把同位語和插入語都扔掉，主干是：from which Imagination should never have severed me。

翻譯：在我寄宿的Mrs.King 的小臥室里，我應(yīng)該會樹立起熱愛堅忍，認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的形象，我應(yīng)該把堅忍和負(fù)責(zé)奉為我的家庭之神，我的親愛的，我所悄悄珍愛的想象力，無論強(qiáng)弱，都永遠(yuǎn)不會或溫柔或強(qiáng)力地把我與之（堅忍和負(fù)責(zé)）分開。

全句翻譯：

抄寫和翻譯商務(wù)信件這件事本身就夠枯燥乏味的了，但是假如那就是全部的話，我應(yīng)該就會長久的忍受這些令人生厭的人和事；我并不是一個沒有耐心的人，也沒有受到既要過自己的（喜歡）的生活，又要向自己和他人證明自己要成為一個商人的決心這樣的雙重欲望的影響，我應(yīng)該會默默地忍受自己最好的能力被荒廢與束縛；我應(yīng)該不會低聲說我渴望自由，哪怕是在心里說；我應(yīng)該會把我的心對于在密閉，多煙，單調(diào)，和毫無樂趣的死胡同里的喧囂之下的痛苦以及它對于更自由更清新的環(huán)境的渴望禁錮在每一次嘆息當(dāng)中，通過這些嘆息我的心大著膽子去暗示它的痛苦和渴望；在我寄宿的Mrs.King 的小臥室里，我應(yīng)該會樹立起熱愛堅忍，認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的形象，我應(yīng)該把堅忍和負(fù)責(zé)奉為我的家庭之神，我的親愛的，我所悄悄珍愛的想象力，無論強(qiáng)弱，都永遠(yuǎn)不會或溫柔或強(qiáng)力地把我與之（堅忍和負(fù)責(zé)）分開。

翻譯成中文也很繞，實際上簡單來說就是：假如我的工作只是枯燥的話，我就忍了（但不是）。

這篇文章沒有直接針對這個句子提問，所以如果是在考場情況下，有如題這樣的長難句同學(xué)們只要理解主干就好了。但如果是平時練習(xí)，希望同學(xué)們還是要多做精讀，這是提高閱讀能力的最有效辦法。
以上簡短分析，希望對學(xué)員SAT考試有所幫助，點擊環(huán)球教育ACT掌握考試精華！

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